Kappei Yamaguchi
Born: 1965-05-23 in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Known For: Acting
Biography
Mitsuo Yamaguchi (山口 光雄, Yamaguchi Mitsuo), better known by his stage name of Kappei Yamaguchi (山口 勝平, Yamaguchi Kappei) is a Japanese voice actor and actor from Fukuoka, affiliated with Gokū and 21st Century Fox. He is best known for the roles of Ranma Saotome (Ranma ½), Jackson Neil (Miracle Girls), Tombo (Kiki's Delivery Service), Yattaro (Kyattou Ninden Teyandee), InuYasha (InuYasha), Ryuichi Sakuma (Gravitation), L (Death Note), Usopp (One Piece), Hideyoshi (Law of Ueki), and Kaito Kid and Shinichi Kudo (Case Closed). His current starring roles include that of Raimon "Monta" Taro, the Deimon Devil Bats' ace receiver in Eyeshield 21. Yamaguchi has appeared in eroge as Kyōya Ushihisa (牛久 京也, Ushihisa Kyōya). He made his first public appearance in North America at Otakon 2008; and was also a guest at Sakura-Con 2009. Yamaguchi's third appearance to date has been at Animazement in 2010. He is married and has a daughter, Akane Yamaguchi (山口 茜), and a son, Ryunosuke Yamaguchi (山口 竜之介), who also are voice actors. Description above from the Wikipedia article Kappei Yamaguchi, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.
Filmography
2025
- Detective Conan: One-Eyed Flashback as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Mechanical Marie as Carl Ojisan (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Truth of 17 Years Ago as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Alice in Wonderland –Dive in Wonderland– as The White Rabit (voice)
2024
- Ranma1/2 as Ranma Saotome (voice)
- Case Closed: The Million-Dollar Pentagram as Kaito Kid / Shinichi Kudou (voice)
- Bakuage Sentai Boonboomger as Ticket (voice)
- Train to the End of the World as Shizuru's father (voice)
- BUCCHIGIRI?! as Komao (voice)
- Mecha-Ude: Mechanical Arms as Yakumo (voice)
- Detective Conan vs. Kid the Phantom Thief as Kaito Kuroba / Kaito Kid (voice)
2023
- Detective Conan: The Story of Ai Haibara: Black Iron Mystery Train as Kaito Kuroba (voice)
- Detective Conan: Black Iron Submarine as Shinichi Kudou (voice)
2022
- Urusei Yatsura as Saizo (voice)
- One Piece Film Red as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Bride of Halloween as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Miss Shachiku and the Little Baby Ghost as "Cute" Voiceover of the Week (voice)
2021
- Detective Conan: The Scarlet Bullet as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- ODDTAXI as Eiji Kakihana (voice)
- The Ancient Magus' Bride: The Boy from the West and the Knight of the Blue Storm as Oberon (voice)
- Space Academy as Jii-chan (voice)
- 航海王：和之国总集篇 as 配音
- One Piece - En route vers l'épisode 1000 as Comédien de doublage de Usopp – Japon
2020
- JUJUTSU KAISEN as Kechizu (voice)
- Yashahime: Princess Half-Demon as Inuyasha (voice)
- BOFURI: I Don't Want to Get Hurt, so I'll Max Out My Defense. as Shin (voice)
- The Gymnastics Samurai as Bigbird Aragaki (voice)
2019
- Vinland Saga as Jabbathe (voice)
- Chibi Maruko-chan as Kenichi Oono (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Scarlet School Trip as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece: Stampede as Usopp (voice)
- Super Sentai Strongest Battle!! as ToQger Arsenal (voice)
- Super Sentai Strongest Battle Director's Cut as ToQger Arsenal (voice)
- Case Closed: The Fist of Blue Sapphire as Shinichi Kudo / Kaito Kuroba (voice)
2018
- Super Dragon Ball Heroes as Fu (voice)
- Peacemaker Kurogane: Belief as Shinpachi Nagakura (voice)
- GeGeGe no Kitaro as Ittan Momen
- RADIANT as Master Lord Majesty (voice)
- One Piece: Episode of Skypiea as Usopp (voice)
- Case Closed: Zero the Enforcer as Shinichi Kudo / Kaito Kid (voice)
- Engimon
2017
- The Ancient Magus' Bride as Oberon (voice)
- Mazinger Z: Infinity as Mucha (voice)
- Case Closed: The Crimson Love Letter as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece Episode of East Blue as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: Episode One - The Great Detective Turned Small as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Okaeri: Furusato no Karatsu as Sora Hiroi (voice)
- Makeruna!! Aku no Gundan! as Pepu (voice)
- Kamiwaza Wanda
2016
- Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger as Illusion (voice)
- Showa Genroku Rakugo Shinju as Amaken (voice)
- One Piece Film: GOLD as Usopp (voice)
- One Piece: Heart of Gold as Usopp (voice)
- One Piece Film Gold: Episode 0 as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Darkest Nightmare as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece Characters Log as Usopp
- Shuriken Sentai Ninninger vs. ToQger the Movie: Ninjas in Wonderland as Ticket (voice), ToQger Equipment Voice
- One Piece: The Great Treasure of Tongari Island as Usopp (voice)
2015
- Rin-ne as Sabato Rokudou
- One Piece: Adventure of Nebulandia as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: Sunflowers of Inferno as Shinichi Kudo / Kaitou Kid (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kyoryuger: The Movie as Ticket (voice)
- The Boy and the Beast as Teenage Jiromaru (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger Returns: Super ToQ #7 of Dreams as Ticket (voice)
- One Piece Episode of Sabo: The Three Brothers' Bond - The Miraculous Reunion and the Inherited Will as Usopp (voice)
- The Adventures of Tyrano Boy as Zesta (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger Final Live Tour 2015 as Ticket / ToQger Equipment Voice (voice)
- Rampo Kitan: Game of Laplace as Shitai-kun (voice)
2014
- Heisei Rider vs. Showa Rider: Kamen Rider Wars feat. Super Sentai as ToQger Equipment Voice
- One Piece "3D2Y": Overcome Ace's Death! Luffy's Vow to his Friends as Usopp (voice)
- Magic Kaito 1412 as Kaito Kuroba / Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Sniper from Another Dimension as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger as Ticket (voice)
- The Disappearance of Conan Edogawa: The Worst Two Days in History as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Magi: Adventure of Sinbad (OVA) as Valefor (voice)
- Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters: The Great Dinosaur War as ToQger equipment (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger The Movie: Galaxy Line S.O.S. as Ticket / ToQger Equipment / Narrator (voice)
- Persona 4 The Golden Animation as Teddie (voice)
- Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kamen Rider Gaim: Spring Break Combined Special as Ticket / ToQger Equipment (voice)
- Gigant Big-Shot Tsukasa as Tsukasa Mendō (voice)
- In Search of the Lost Future as Osafune Kenny Eitarou
- Ressha Sentai ToQger DVD Special: Farewell, Ticket! The Wasteland Super ToQ Battle! as Ticket (voice)
- Tomcat's Big Adventure as Michael (voice)
2013
- Danganronpa: The Animation as Hifumi Yamada (voice)
- Dream 9 Toriko x One Piece x Dragon Ball Z Super Collaboration Special!! as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: Private Eye in the Distant Sea as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece Episode of Merry: The Tale of One More Friend as Usopp (voice)
- Lupin the Third vs. Detective Conan: The Movie as Shinichi Kudo / Kaito Kuroba (voice)
- Hunter x Hunter: Phantom Rouge as Feitan (voice)
2012
- JoJo's Bizarre Adventure as Shigechi (voice)
- One Piece Film: Z as Usopp (voice)
- VISUALIVE Persona 4 as Kuma (voice)
- Pretty Cure All Stars New Stage: Friends of the Future as Flappy
- One Piece: Glorious Island as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Eleventh Striker as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Our Home's Fox Deity
- Hikonin Sentai Akibaranger as Chief Clerk Blu-Ray (voice)
- One Piece: Episode of Luffy - Hand Island Adventure as Usopp (voice)
- One Piece Episode of Nami: Tears of a Navigator and the Bonds of Friends as Usopp (voice)
- Asura
- TIGER & BUNNY: The Beginning as Robin Baxter (voice)
- Persona4 the ANIMATION -The Factor of Hope- as Kuma (voice)
- PERSONA 4 the Animation: No One Is Alone as Kuma (voice)
2011
- Hunter x Hunter as Feitan (voice)
- Pretty Cure All Stars DX3: Deliver the Future! The Rainbow-Colored Flower That Connects the World as Flappy
- Detective Conan: Quarter of Silence as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- PERSONA 4 the Animation as Teddie (voice)
- Serena x One Piece: Sennyuu!! Sauzando Sunny-gou
- One Piece 3D: Straw Hat Chase as Usopp (voice)
- Majikoi - Oh! Samurai Girls as Ikuro Fukumoto (voice)
- One Piece Episode of Alabasta Prologue as Usopp (voice)
- Ghastly Prince Enma Burning Up
- One Piece 3D: Gekisou! Trap Coaster as Usopp (voice)
2010
- Atashin'chi: The 3D Movie as Fujino (voice)
- Tensou Sentai Goseiger as Ain-I of the Neutral (voice)
- Pretty Cure All Stars DX2: The Light of Hope - Protect the Rainbow Jewel! as Flappy (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Lost Ship in the Sky as Shinichi Kudo / Kaito Kid (voice)
- Yu-Gi-Oh!: Bonds Beyond Time as Daitokuji (voice)
- Magic Kaito: Kid the Phantom Thief as Kaito Kuroba / Kaito Kid (voice)
- Heart and Yummie as Heart (voice)
- Coicent as White Deer (voice)
2009
- Death Note Relight 1: Visions of a God as L (voice)
- Death Note Relight 2: L's Successors as L (voice)
- Pretty Cure All Stars DX: Everyone Is a Friend - A Miracle All Pretty Cures Together as Flappy
- Detective Conan: The Raven Chaser as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Lupin the Third vs. Detective Conan as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Space Battleship Yamato Resurrection as Ryohei Nakanishi (voice)
- One Piece Film: Strong World as Usopp (voice)
- Yona Yona Penguin as Mulmul (voice)
- Valkyria Chronicles
2008
- Stitch! as Kijimuna
- Detective Conan: Full Score of Fear as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Outs as Satoshi Ideguchi (voice)
- One Piece: Episode of Chopper Plus: Bloom in the Winter, Miracle Cherry Blossom as Usopp (voice)
- Ranma ½: Nightmare! Incense of Spring Sleep as Ranma Saotome ♂ (voice)
- One Piece: Romance Dawn Story as Usopp (voice)
- Neo Angelique Abyss as Rune
- Urusei Yatsura: The Obstacle Course Swim Meet, It's a Rumic World: Urusei Yatsura as (voice)
- It's a Rumic World: 50th Anniversary Weekly★Shonen Sunday as Inuyasha / Ranma Saotome ♂ (voice)
2007
- Claymore as Male 'Awakened' 3 (voice)
- Baccano! as Chic Jefferson (voice)
- One Piece: The Desert Princess and the Pirates: Adventure in Alabasta as Usopp / Lashes (voice)
- Detective Conan: Jolly Roger in the Deep Azure as Shin'ichi Kudo (voice)
- Detective Conan Magic File
- Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time & Darkness as Chimchar (voice)
- Mouse Story: The Adventures of George and Gerald as Chamberlain
- Detective Conan: Black History
2006
- Death Note as L (voice)
- Powerpuff Girls Z
- Futari wa Precure Splash☆Star the Movie: Tic-Tac Crisis Hanging by a Thin Thread! as Flappy (voice)
- Kiba as Hugh (voice)
- Futari wa Precure Splash☆Star: Maji Doki Theater as Flappy (voice)
- One Piece: Giant Mecha Soldier of Karakuri Castle as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Private Eyes' Requiem as Shinichi Kudo (voice) / Kaito Kuroba (voice)
- PreCure Splash Star as Flappy (voice)
- Animal Crossing: The Movie as Fûta (voice)
- Ayakashi: Samurai Horror Tales as Kaikaimaru (voice)
- Freedom
- Angel's Feather as Hamura Shou (voice)
2005
- Eyeshield 21 as Raimon Tarou
- One Piece: Baron Omatsuri and the Secret Island as Usopp (voice)
- The Law of Ueki as Hideyoshi Soya (voice)
- Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Act Zero
- Detective Conan: Strategy Above the Depths as Shinichi Kudou (voice)
- One Piece Special: The Detective Memoirs of Chief Straw Hat Luffy as Usopp (voice)
- Tomorrow Will Be Better! Half a Sweet Potato
- Nagasaki 1945 ~ The Angelus Bells
2004
- Sgt. Frog as Tororo
- Yu-Gi-Oh! GX as Professor Daitokuji / Lyman Banner (voice)
- Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger as Thousanian Gineka (voice)
- Detective Conan: Magician of the Silver Sky as Kaito Kid / Shinichi Kudou (voice)
- Netrun-mon the Movie as BB Runner
- One Piece: Curse of the Sacred Sword as Usopp (voice)
- Inuyasha the Movie 4: Fire on the Mystic Island as Inuyasha (voice)
- DearS as Hikoro Oikawa (voice)
- Dead Leaves as Retro (voice)
- Doki Doki School Hours as Kenta Suetake
- Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Special Act: We're Getting Married!！
- Sore Ike! Zukkoke Sannin-gumi as Hachibee
2003
- Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon as Artemis (voice)
- Detective Conan: Crossroad in the Ancient Capital as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece: Dead End Adventure as Usopp (voice)
- One Piece Special: Open Upon the Great Sea! A Father's Huge, HUGE Dream! as Usopp (voice)
- Inuyasha the Movie 3: Swords of an Honorable Ruler as Inuyasha (voice)
- Peacemaker as Shinpachi Nagakura (voice)
- One Piece Special: Protect! The Last Great Stage as Usopp (voice)
- Papuwa as Chappy
- Mouse as Sorata Muon (voice)
- Pecola as Bashatt
2002
- My Family as Fujino (voice)
- The Twelve Kingdoms as Rokuta (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Phantom of Baker Street as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece: Dream Soccer King! as Usopp (voice)
- Inuyasha the Movie 2: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass as Inuyasha (voice)
- One Piece: Chopper's Kingdom on the Island of Strange Animals as Usopp (voice)
- Hanada Shounen-shi as Haruhiko (voice)
- Camp Pikachu as Barubeat (voice)
- A Tree of Palme as Roualt (voice)
- Monkey Typhoon as Goku (voice)
- Step Up Love Story
- Bonobono: Secret of the Kumomo Tree as Araiguma-kun
- Gun Frontier
- Rizelmine as Tomonori Iwaki
- Space Pirate Captain Herlock: Outside Legend - The Endless Odyssey as Tochiro (voice)
- La Blue Girl: Climax Taizan as Nin-Nin
- Viper GTS as Ogawa
- Viper GTS as Ogawa (voice)
2001
- One Piece: Clockwork Island Adventure as Usopp (voice)
- Angelic Layer
- Case Closed: Countdown to Heaven as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- One Piece: Jango's Dance Carnival as Usopp (voice)
- Inuyasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time as Inuyasha (voice)
- Sister Princess
2000
- InuYasha as InuYasha (voice)
- Detective Conan: Captured in Her Eyes as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Luffy's Fall! The Unexplored Region - Grand Adventure in the Ocean's Navel as Usopp (voice)
- One Piece: The Movie as Usopp (voice)
- Escaflowne: The Movie as Shesta (voice)
- Gravitation as Ryuichi Sakuma (voice)
- Baby Felix & Friends as Poindexter
- Android Kikaider as Saburo Kazeda (voice)
- Pichu & Pikachu's Winter Vacation 2001 as Delibird (voice)
- Reinou Tantei Miko: Phantom Hunter Miko as Rokuro Kanda (voice)
1999
- One Piece as Usopp (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Last Wizard of the Century as Shinichi Kudo / Kaito Kuroba (voice)
- Kamikaze Kaitou Jeanne as Noin Claude
- Betterman as Keita Aono (voice)
- Pokémon: Pikachu's Rescue Adventure as Parasect (voice)
- Eden's Bowy as Jorrne
- Gosho Aoyama’s Collection of Short Stories
- Gravitation: Lyrics of Love as Ryuuichi Sakuma
1998
- Cowboy Bebop as Rhint (voice)
- Case Closed: The Fourteenth Target as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- Flint: The Time Detective as Kyoichiro Narugami
- Fancy Lala as Taro Yoshida (voice)
- Virgin Fleet as Sada
- Cyber Team in Akihabara as Crane Bahnsteik (voice)
- Shadow Skill as Low (voice)
- Dragon Knight: Wheel of Time as Kakeru
- Welcome to Lodoss Island! as Etoh (voice)
- Dragon Knight 4: Wheel of Time as Kakeru
- Dragon Knight: Wheel of Time as Kakeru (voice)
1997
- Revolutionary Girl Utena as Shiori's boyfriend (voice)
- Detective Conan: The Time Bombed Skyscraper as Shinichi Kudo (voice)
- CLAMP School Detectives as (voice)
- Rurouni Kenshin: Requiem for the Ishin Patriots as Yasuharu Musashino
- Kishin Douji Zenki Gaiden: Anki Kitan as Zenki
- Eternal Family as Sasuke (voice)
- Noiseman Sound Insect as Manabu (voice)
- Ayane's High Kick as Kappei Inagaki (voice)
1996
- Detective Conan as Jimmy Kudo
- B'T X as Camilla (voice)
- Baby and Me
- Ultraman Super Fighter Legend as Astra / Announcer Banjou (voice)
- Kindaichi Case Files Movie 1: The Opera House Murders as Hajime Kindaichi (Voice)
- Neighborhood Story The Movie as Tsutomu Yamaguchi (voice)
- Yat, The Space Patrol as カナビー
- Dragon Quest - Emblem of Roto
- Bronze: Zetsuai Since 1989 as Shibuya (voice)
- Magical Circle Guru Guru
- Fire Emblem as Julian (voice)
- Can Can Bunny Extra as Kenta (voice)
- Jewel BEM Hunter Lime as バース (voice)
- Shadow Skill: The Movie as Scrib Lowengren
- Lady Blue as Nin-Nin (voice)
1995
- Shadow Skill: Epilogue as Scrib Lowengren (voice)
- Zenki as Zenki (voice)
- Wedding Peach as Takuro Amano
- Neighborhood Story as Tsutomu Yamaguchi (Voice)
1994
- Mobile Fighter G Gundam as Sai Saici (voice)
- Tokyo Babylon 2 as Subaru Sumeragi
- Lil' Red Riding Hood Cha-Cha
- Ranma 1/2: Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix as Ranma Saotome ♂ (voice)
- Butt Attack Punisher Girl Gautaman R: The Final Battle Between Love & Tragedy! as Shibuya (voice)
- Red Baron as Ken Kurenai
- Galaxy Warring State Chronicle Rai as (voice)
- Captain Tsubasa J as Ryou Ishizaki (voice)
- Grappler Baki: The Ultimate Fighter as Baki Hanma
- Plastic Little: The Adventures of Captain Tita as Nicole (voice)
- Bondage Queen Kate as Dick (voice)
- Butt Attack Punisher Girl Gautaman: The Birth of Gautaman as Shibuya (voice)
- The Mighty Gin Rei as Daisaku Kusama (voice)
- Barefoot Gin Rei as Daisaku Kusama (voice)
- Crows
- Mighty Space Miners as Ushiwaka Nanbu (voice)
- GinRei
- Bondage Queen Kate as Dick (voice)
- Twin Angels as Onimaro (voice)
1993
- Miracle Girls as Yuuya Noda (voice)
- Shippuu! Iron Leaguer as Kiwami Juurouta
- Battle Angel as Yūgo (voice)
- Jungle King Taa-chan as Etekichi
- The Cockpit as Soldier Utsunomiya (voice)
- Battle Angel as Yugo (voice)
- Please Save My Earth as Hirohiko Kazama (voice)
- Silent Mobius Gaiden: The End of the Edo Period
- Armored Dragon Legend Villgust as Bostov (voice)
- Blue Memories: Boys, Colonizing Manchuria and Mongolia as Kyota Suzuki (voice)
1992
- Tokyo Babylon 1 as Subaru Sumeragi
- Giant Robo: The Day the Earth Stood Still as Daisaku Kusama
- Ranma 1/2 the Movie 2: Nihao My Concubine as Ranma Saotome ♂ (voice)
- Giant Robo: The Day the Earth Stood Still as Daisaku Kusama
- Hanappe Bazooka as Hanahei Yamada (voice)
- The Heroic Legend of Arslan II
- Chibi Maruko-chan: My Favorite Song as Kenichi Oono (voice)
- Free Kick Toward Tomorrow as Toto (voice)
- Tottoi as Billia (voice)
- Delinquent in Drag as Suke Banji (voice)
- Desperate Love 1989 as Katsumi Shibuya (voice)
- Appleland Story as Virgil
- Super Zugan
- Boyfriend as Ougi (voice)
- Tokyo Babylon as Subaru Sumeragi (voice)
- K.O. Beast
- KO Century Beast Warriors as Wan Dababatta
- Zetsuai 1989 as Katsumi Shibuya (voice)
- La Blue Girl as Nin-Nin (voice)
1991
- Inferious Interplanetary War Chronicle - Condition Green as Oscar Cloud (voice)
- Ranma 1/2 the Movie: Big Trouble in Nekonron, China as Ranma Saotome ♂ (voice)
- Urotsukidōji II: Legend of the Demon Womb as Young Munchausen II (voice)
- Genji Tsuushin Agedama as Hikari Yumenokōji (voice)
- Here Is Greenwood as Tenma Koizumi (voice)
- Trusty Ginjiro as Ginjiro Yamazaki (voice)
- The Heroic Legend of Arslan
- Samurider: Nazo no Tenkousei as 山口
- Madara as Madara (voice)
- The Heroic Legend of Arslan: Age of Heroes as Arslan (voice)
- Slow Step as Akiba Shuu
- RG Veda as Ryū-ō (voice)
- Legend of the Dragon Kings as Amaru Ryudou
- Go Nagai World
- Madara as (voice)
1990
- Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water as Hamahama (voice)
- Hakkenden: Legend of the Dog Warriors as Sosuke Inukawa (voice)
- Samurai Pizza Cats as Yattarou
- Devil Hunter Yohko as Wakabayashi Osamu (voice)
- Nineteen 19 as Hiroaki Kusano (voice)
- Record of Lodoss War as Etoh (voice)
- Ryokunohara Labyrinth - Sparkling Phantom as Kanata Tokino
- A Wind Named Amnesia as Johnny (voice)
- Violence Jack: Hell's Wind as Saburo Tenma
- 1+2=Paradise as Yūsuke Yamamoto (voice)
- Devil Hunter Yohko
- 1+2=Paradise as Yūsuke Yamamoto
1989
- Ranma ½ as Ranma Saotome
- Kiki's Delivery Service as Tombo (voice)
1986
- The Legend of Lyon: Flare as Eon
1975
- Super Sentai Series as Ticket (voice)